TNF-α
Tumor necrosis factor-α
High
12.7pg·mL⁻¹Ref 1–8 pg·mL⁻¹
Z +4.69↑ Bad

The card shows an example result of 12.7 pg·mL⁻¹, which is 4.69 SD above the mean.

What it measures

Tumor necrosis factor-α is released mainly by immune cells. It coordinates the inflammatory response and, at high levels for long periods, contributes to tissue damage.

Reference range

FieldValue
AbbreviationTNF-α
GroupInflammation
Unitpg·mL⁻¹
Healthy range1–8
Mean4.5
SD1.75
Direction↑ Bad — a raised value is the concern.

The mean is (low + high) / 2 and the SD is (high − low) / 4, so the healthy range covers Z from −2 to +2.

Reading the result

  • High — Suggests chronic inflammation. It is linked to autoimmune disease, insulin resistance, and muscle loss.
  • Low — Not a concern.

Notes

  • Levels in the blood are low and assays differ. Compare values from the same lab.
  • This page is general information, not medical advice. Discuss results with a clinician.