Getting Started
Indices
Inflammation
Bone and mineral
Glucose and insulin
Lipids
Nerve and blood vessel
Oxidative stress and fibrosis
Kidney and protein
Cartilage
The CBVAI sums four domains of venous ageing into one score. It uses 10 biomarkers. A higher score means more of the panel sits outside its healthy range, with the most weight on the domains that matter most for this index.
See Indices for how every index is calculated.
Domains
| Domain | Biomarkers | αd |
|---|---|---|
| Inflammation Burden (IB) | hs-CRP, NLR, IL-6, TNF-α | 4 |
| Fibro Remodeling (FR) | TGF-β1, PINP, TIMP-1 | 4 |
| Endothelial Dysfunction (ED) | VEGF, ET-1 | 6 |
| Vascular Wall Remodeling (VWR) | MMP-9 | 1 |
αd is the fixed priority of each domain in this index.
Example
These are the results of one example patient, worked through step by step.
Biomarker Z-scores
Each result becomes a Z-score: (value − mean) / SD, with the mean and SD taken from the healthy range.
Inflammation Burden (IB)
| Biomarker | Healthy range | Mean | SD | Direction | Value | Z | |Z| |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| hs-CRP | 0.2–3.0 mg·L⁻¹ | 1.6 | 0.7 | ↑ Bad | 3.5 | 2.71 | 2.71 |
| NLR | 1.0–3.0 ratio | 2 | 0.5 | ↑ Bad | 3.2 | 2.40 | 2.40 |
| IL-6 | 0.5–7.0 pg·mL⁻¹ | 3.75 | 1.63 | ↑ Bad | 9.8 | 3.71 | 3.71 |
| TNF-α | 1.0–8.0 pg·mL⁻¹ | 4.5 | 1.75 | ↑ Bad | 12.7 | 4.69 | 4.69 |
Fibro Remodeling (FR)
| Biomarker | Healthy range | Mean | SD | Direction | Value | Z | |Z| |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TGF-β1 | 1.0–8.0 ng·mL⁻¹ | 4.5 | 1.75 | ↑ Bad | 12.7 | 4.69 | 4.69 |
| PINP | 20–80 ng·mL⁻¹ | 50 | 15 | ↓ Bad | 9.7 | -2.69 | 2.69 |
| TIMP-1 | 60–180 ng·mL⁻¹ | 120 | 30 | ↓ Bad | 55.9 | -2.14 | 2.14 |
Endothelial Dysfunction (ED)
| Biomarker | Healthy range | Mean | SD | Direction | Value | Z | |Z| |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VEGF | 30–250 pg·mL⁻¹ | 140 | 55 | Context | 305.6 | 3.01 | 3.01 |
| ET-1 | 0.5–3.0 pg·mL⁻¹ | 1.75 | 0.63 | ↑ Bad | 4.6 | 4.52 | 4.52 |
Vascular Wall Remodeling (VWR)
| Biomarker | Healthy range | Mean | SD | Direction | Value | Z | |Z| |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MMP-9 | 20–140 ng·mL⁻¹ | 80 | 30 | ↑ Bad | 155.8 | 2.53 | 2.53 |
Domain scores
| Domain | Mean |Z|d | Wd | Mean |Z|d × Wd | αd | Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IB | 3.38 | 0.26 | 0.89 | 4 | 3.55 |
| FR | 3.17 | 0.25 | 0.78 | 4 | 3.13 |
| ED | 3.77 | 0.29 | 1.11 | 6 | 6.63 |
| VWR | 2.53 | 0.20 | 0.50 | 1 | 0.50 |
| Total | 12.84 | 1.00 | 3.27 | 13.81 |
The example patient's CBVAI is 13.81.
Endothelial Dysfunction adds the most to the score (6.63 of 13.81).
Notes
- The mean and SD come from the healthy range, so a result inside the range has a |Z| of 2 or less.
- The score has no fixed upper limit. Compare it over time for the same person, not between indices.
- This page is general information, not medical advice. Discuss results with a clinician.