Getting Started
Indices
Inflammation
Bone and mineral
Glucose and insulin
Lipids
Nerve and blood vessel
Oxidative stress and fibrosis
Kidney and protein
Cartilage
ET-1
Endothelin-1
High
4.6pg·mL⁻¹Ref 0.5–3 pg·mL⁻¹
Z +4.56↑ Bad
The card shows an example result of 4.6 pg·mL⁻¹, which is 4.56 SD above the mean.
What it measures
Endothelin-1 is made by the cells that line blood vessels. It tightens vessels and helps control blood pressure.
Reference range
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation | ET-1 |
| Group | Nerve and blood vessel |
| Unit | pg·mL⁻¹ |
| Healthy range | 0.5–3 |
| Mean | 1.75 |
| SD | 0.625 |
| Direction | ↑ Bad — a raised value is the concern. |
The mean is (low + high) / 2 and the SD is (high − low) / 4, so the healthy range covers Z from −2 to +2.
Reading the result
- High — Points to stressed or damaged blood vessel lining. It is linked to high blood pressure, heart failure, and kidney disease.
- Low — Not a concern.
Notes
- Most endothelin-1 acts locally, so blood levels only partly reflect what happens in vessel walls.
- This page is general information, not medical advice. Discuss results with a clinician.