Getting Started
Indices
Inflammation
Bone and mineral
Glucose and insulin
Lipids
Nerve and blood vessel
Oxidative stress and fibrosis
Kidney and protein
Cartilage
GFAP
Glial fibrillary acidic protein
High
125.7pg·mL⁻¹Ref 20–120 pg·mL⁻¹
Z +2.23↑ Bad
The card shows an example result of 125.7 pg·mL⁻¹, which is 2.23 SD above the mean.
What it measures
Glial fibrillary acidic protein is found in astrocytes, the cells that support nerve cells. It reaches the blood when astrocytes are injured or activated.
Reference range
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation | GFAP |
| Group | Nerve and blood vessel |
| Unit | pg·mL⁻¹ |
| Healthy range | 20–120 |
| Mean | 70 |
| SD | 25 |
| Direction | ↑ Bad — a raised value is the concern. |
The mean is (low + high) / 2 and the SD is (high − low) / 4, so the healthy range covers Z from −2 to +2.
Reading the result
- High — Points to brain injury or astrocyte activation. It rises after concussion and in some neurodegenerative diseases.
- Low — Not a concern.
Notes
- Levels rise with age.
- This page is general information, not medical advice. Discuss results with a clinician.